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Metal powders are used in many manufacturing techniques in order to produce metal parts. Use of metal powders eliminates waste in comparison with traditional machining and is versatile in creating a variety of metal and alloy components. Metal powder technologies are at the forefront of the progressive era of a smarter and greener fabrication.


What are metal powders?

Metal powders are finely divided base materials for metal-part production. The particle size of most metal powders varies from 5-200 μm. Some common fabrication techniques that utilise metal powders are powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, surface coating, soft magnetic applications, and metal injection moulding. Most types of metals and their alloys come in metal powders such as iron, aluminium, bronze, chromium, cobalt, metal carbides, silicon, and more.


Powdered Metals and Their Common Uses

Powdered metals are extremely versatile and result in less waste when they are used to manufacture certain parts and as coatings for other metals. Our most popular powdered metals include red and black cupric oxide, nickel, aluminum, tin and copper.


Aluminum Powder – Aluminum powder is incredibly versatile. Its flammable properties make it ideal for fireworks and pyrotechnics. It is used for the creation of metallic paints, and it is used in the manufacturing of solar cells in the green energy sector.

Bismuth Powder – Bismuth powder is often used in the creation of alloys, including steel, aluminum and copper alloys, and it can be used as a replacement for lead when manufacturing radiation shielding products. It is also used for the production of batteries and in the creation of welding rods.

Cadmium Oxide Powder – Cadmium oxide powder is often used to create silver alloys and for glazes used on ceramics and for plating steel. It's also a popular choice when it comes to manufacturing transparent conductors, semiconductors and nickel-cadmium batteries.

Granular Copper – Granular copper is most commonly used to make self-lubricating bearings, but it is also used in injection molding, in manufacturing friction components and lubricants and for certain types of coatings.

Iron Powder – Iron powder is used in numerous industries from machining filtration. Common uses of iron powder include the making of magnetics and magnetic products, printing, fortifying iron and creating friction products, like brake pads. It can also be used in the welding industry and for surface coating. It can even be used to create certain types of dyes and stains.

Manganese Powder – Manganese powder is most often used in the steel and iron industries to create alloys for the manufacturing of tools and machinery. The steel and iron alloys are often used to create car parts and materials for the construction industry.

Nickel Based Alloy Powder – Nickel powder is combined with other metals, including steel and iron, in applications where corrosion resistance is a must, like in the marine industry.

Red and Black Cupric Oxide – These powdered metals are formed by combining copper oxides with copper. They are most commonly used for wood treatment and as pigments in glazes and ceramics.

Tin Powder – M and SW grade tin powders are primarily used in spray-on applications for corrosion resistance. It is also used in the manufacturing of high-powered magnets and self-lubricating bearings.

Zinc Powder – Zinc powder is incredibly versatile. It can be used to manufacture galvanized steel and to create brass. It is also used in certain types of paints and for precision die casting as well as for plating other types of metals.


And there are many other types of metal powders like Stainless Steel Powder, Die Steel Powder, Cobalt Based Alloy Powder, Refractory Metal Powder, Soft Magnetic Powder, Silver Powder. They are always used as Additive Manufacturing Powder including MIM Powder, Coating Powder, etc.
http://www.mana-metal.com/additive-manufacturing-powder/stainless-steel-powder/
19, Ekim, 2022 qkddy88 tarafından
They populate the sides of quiet suburban streets, stand at busy intersections and loom large over multi-lane highways. But the traffic signs you see aren't merely aesthetic. They're there to warn you of potential dangers and to give important instructions that will keep you, your passengers and other road users safe.


Why are Traffic Signs Important?

Traffic signs provide valuable information to drivers and other road users. They represent rules that are in place to keep you safe, and help to communicate messages to drivers and pedestrians that can maintain order and reduce accidents. Neglecting them can be dangerous.


Most signs make use of pictures, rather than words, so that they are easy to understand and can be interpreted by people who speak a variety of languages. For this reason, it’s important that you know what each picture represents, and that you use them to inform your driving. Failing to do so could result in a serious accident or a fine.


What Do the Different Traffic Signs Mean?

Traffic signs come in a variety of shapes and colours, and each has a specific meaning. The different shapes and colours are there to help you identify a sign as quickly as possible, without interrupting your driving.


According to the Road Traffic Management Corporation, the various road traffic signs are classified into four main groups and sub-categories, for example:

Regulatory: Control/Command/Prohibition/Reservation
Warning: Road Layout/Direction of Movement

Guidance: Location/Route Markers/Direction

Temporary: Command/Prohibition


All road signs, construction signs, and parking lot signs are intended to convey a clear, yet simple message. The signs should always be prominent enough to command attention and placed in a manner that gives drivers adequate time to respond to the command.


Before traffic safety signs are placed, municipalities will commission an engineering study to gauge its necessity and usefulness in a particular location. After all, no one would want to travel roadways where signs are placed haphazardly and without just cause. Doing so would eventually cause some drivers to fail to respect the traffic signs, possibly causing traffic incidents instead of preventing them.


Besides, different signs can be made of different materials such as Aluminum Sign, PVC Sign, Acrylic Sign and Magnet Sign. Except for all kinds of signs, there are some Alarms like License Plate and Collapsible Road Cone also used for a safe traffic and road travel.
http://www.lcafworld.com/sign/traffic-sign/
19, Ekim, 2022 qkddy88 tarafından
A protective device that is used to protect the electrical power system from surges caused by lightning is known as surge arrester. It includes two terminals like high voltage and ground. Once an electric surge travels through the surge arrester from the power system, then a huge voltage current can travel to the insulation directly otherwise to the ground terminal to protect the system from damage.


Not all surge arresters protect systems from lightning. While lightning current arresters (Class 1) are used to protect against direct lightning surge currents, surge arresters (Class 2) protect equipment from induced surges in electrical wiring. Surge arresters and lightning current arresters from DEHN offer reliable protection against these hazards. And there are many kinds of surge arresters such as Distribution Surge Arrester, Station Surge Arrester, Line Surge Arrester, etc. Different surge arresters have to be equipped with different Metal Oxide Varistors like 5kA Varistor, 10kA Varitor, etc.


How Does a Surge Arrester Work?

The purpose of a surge arrestor is to protect insulation/components from high DV/DT that peak at instantaneous values that are in excess of the breakdown of the insulation or component. Lightning is one common cause of voltage surges. Another common cause is switching in an inductive circuit.


It is possible to capture the occurrence of a voltage surge. Some surge arresters are equipped with "surge counters" that capture the fact that the arrester has discharged current. It is also possible to use other phenomena (sound measurement, light measurement, electric field measurement, etc.) to capture the occurrence of a discharge. Meteorologists routinely capture and record lightning discharges using both ground-based and satellite-based instruments.


It is also possible to capture and record voltage surges, but here the technology gets complicated. A common issue is that a voltage surge is inherently a high-frequency phenomenon, and in order to capture and record (ie, quantify) the event, the measurement system must have a high-frequency response. The kind of instruments that are commonly applied for fundamental frequency voltage measurements don't have sufficient frequency response to accurately capture and record high-frequency voltage transients. They may be able to capture the occurrence of the event, but it is not always possible to accurately quantify the event using those devices.


A surge arrester is a device that protects electrical power systems from damages caused by lightning. A typical surge arrester has both a ground terminal and a high-voltage terminal. When a powerful electric surge travels from the power system to the surge arrester, the high voltage current is sent directly to the insulation or to the ground to avoid damaging the system.


How to Install?

Generally, the installation of surge arresters can be done close to an electric meter to defend the electrical system used in a residence or building from the power surge effects which are occurring from the outside.


It protects other electrical devices that are connected to the power source, however, they cannot provide whole protection from surges that occurs from defective wiring otherwise the overall working of electrical appliances used in homes or in offices.


http://www.jnearrester.com/metal-oxide-varistor/
19, Ekim, 2022 qkddy88 tarafından
In chemistry, we call the separation of solids and liquids filtration. In the filtration operation, filter paper is indispensable to filter out solids and liquids.


What is Filter Paper?

The filter paper for laboratory use is one of the common lab consumables. It is normally round in shape and made from cotton fiber and used to filter components. The functional principle of the filter paper is separating the substances through them. They are normally made from fiber, which is the reason that there are keyholes on them. The keyholes resist the big solid particles and provide pathways for the liquid particles. And the most common usage for a filter paper nowadays is as a Printing Filter Paper.


The different kinds of filter papers having different characters are made by different technics. So, what are the main factors in the filter paper selection? There exist four: hardness, capacity, filtration efficiency, and applicability.


Filter Paper Structure

The filter paper is directional. The front side of the filter paper has loose fibers; the mesh surface of the filter paper has tight fibers. The front pores are in the shape of a bell mouth, and the pores become smaller along with the thickness of the filter paper. The thickness of the filter paper is about 0.35～0.5mm, and the particle size of dust particles varies from ranging from a few microns to tens of microns.


Filter paper filtration not only has the function of a screen but also has the function of deep filtration; the side magnification shows that the filter paper is a multi-layer structure. The front of the filter paper should face the direction of airflow, the screen surface should be in the direction of the gas flow. Color lines are drawn on the screen surface to facilitate user identification and prevent mistakes; if the front and back directions are wrong, the filter element is in use, and dust is stored. Ability is reduced by 30%.


As for different materials for paper or film, there is a widely used material that has to be mentioned. It is Cellophane Paper. What is Cellophane or Cello? Cellophane wrap has long been used to encase edible treats like lollies, nuts and baked goodies, however Cellophane wrapping is especially used in floristry to wrap fresh and artificial .


Originally marketed as packaging material in America in 1924, cellophane wrap was the most popular choice of film until the introduction of Polypropylene (PP) in the 1960s. PP quickly became the preferred clear packaging film choice mainly due to its low manufacturing costs and high resistance to many chemicals. Therefore, when referring to cellophane wrap it would encompass both true cellophane (made of wood pulp and cotton) and BOPP (bi-axially orientated polypropylene which means that the PP has been shaped).


What's more, more and more materials are used for different purposes nowadays, such as Non Woven Fabric, Wax Paper, Bopp Film for Flowers Packing and so on.
http://www.fypackingpaper.com/non-woven-fabric/
19, Ekim, 2022 qkddy88 tarafından
The steady advancement of technology affects every industry, but none more so than the printing industry. Since the Printing Press was invented there has been a constant effort to improve productivity and efficiency. Because of this demand, the printing industry has always been on the leading edge of the technology curve.

The latest advancement to our industry is Computer to Plate technology, affectionately known as CTP. While CTP is easy to understand in theory, the subtle nuances to the different manufacturer’s technologies and the plethora of information by others about how to install and configure your new CTP Plate Making Machines make printers hesitant to take the plunge into this new technology. In actuality, CTP Machines are easy to use and efficient. It saves money and time because it skips an entire step when compared to the old CTF (computer to film) process.

What is CTP?

CTP (Computer to Plate) is a streamlined process of print production. Streamlined in that takes a finalized file from a computer and outputs it directly to a plate. The plates are made from a variety of materials ranging from aluminum to polyester. Once the plate is imaged, it can be used on the press. In the old CTF process the file was sent from the computer to a film processor, then the film image was transferred to the photographic plate so the plate could be used on the press. In the CTP process, the film step and its associated chemicals and bio hazard are completely eliminated.

When you remove the film step and the associated chemicals, you are saving on film and chemical costs, the chemical smell is greatly reduced, and you are producing high quality plates at a faster rate. Since we all know that time = money, what this means is that with each plate you produce, you are saving on the equipment, labor and supply costs that your company has when it produces a print piece for a client.

Because CTP Plate Making Machines use a new and straightforward technology, it stands to reason that there would be a variety of ways to implement it. This variety has emerged in the multiple technologies available for CTP, which are Violet, Thermal, Ink Jet and Poly Plate.

What’s the difference in the technologies?

Since violet and thermal are currently the major players in the CTP market I will focus primarily on them. Both Violet and Thermal use laser diodes to transfer the image onto the plate. The difference in the two types of lasers are the color of the laser and the wavelength of the light they emit. Violet has less lasers than a thermal machine and because of this has a lower acquisition cost. If you compare the quality of a violet and a thermal system, you would see that the thermal system can produce better quality than a violet system can. A thermal system can produce line screens exceeding 300lpi, whereas a violet system maxes out at 300lpi. That said, anything over 300lpi is actually overkill on the vast majority of projects.

Due to the fewer number of lasers in the machine, violet plates are light sensitive. This requires either a safelight environment (typically a yellow light) or the auto-load option that most manufacturers have can be used. Conversely, thermal plates can be used in normal daylight conditions.

As to speed of production, violet produces plates faster, but thermal machine manufacturers are trying to cut the time gap with their newer technology. It seems odd though that speed would be a major factor here because compared to the old CTF process, thermal is still much faster.

Except for CTP, there are some other print machines may used like Label Printing and Cutting Machines, Digital Printing and Finishing Machines. They have to work with some Other Printing Materials such as Laser Imagesetters, Printing Plates including Offset Printing CTP Plates and Other Printing Plates, Printing Consumables, etc.
http://www.ecoographixsolution.com/printing-plate-machine/ctp-plate-making-machine/
19, Ekim, 2022 qkddy88 tarafından
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